Nutrients and cofactors
Conceptual educational illustration of Citrulline in a glass specimen jar, labelled MOLECULE PROFILE.

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AGENT PROFILE

Citrulline

Nonpeptide agent

Urea-cycle amino acid converted to arginine; free citrulline and citrulline malate are different materials.

Sources checked · October 16, 2026

Published for review · Scientific, medical, translation and citation review pending. Reported uses are not authorized indications. Frequency reflects mentions in supplied sources, not sales or global clinical prevalence.

Identity and synonyms

Catalog label is recorded; analytical identity and equivalence are not established.

Nonpeptide agent · Amino acid or derivative

Detailed molecular class: Nonpeptide agent; see mechanism for subtype

Supplied sequence or chemical reference

PubChem CID: 9750

Molecular formula: C6H13N3O3

IUPAC: (2S)-2-amino-5-(carbamoylamino)pentanoic acid

Source: PC-CITRULLINE

PubChem

Chemical structure reference

Database chemical reference; does not certify supplier vial, salt, isomer or formulation.

Mechanism

Urea-cycle amino acid converted to arginine; free citrulline and citrulline malate are different materials.

Evidence and critical reading

Reported scientific and empirical uses

Reported muscle and performance · Replacement and nutritional context · Cardiovascular and vascular function

Sports supplementation for blood flow/performance; inclusion in an amino-acid vial does not demonstrate blend efficacy.

Human evidence

Small citrulline-malate trials found conflicting performance results: one in 41 men was favorable and another protocol showed no benefit. They are not evidence for injectable free citrulline or a multinutrient blend.

Preclinical evidence

Do not equate mechanism, cell culture or animal work with a clinical outcome. The specific level is detailed in the evidence assessment.

Critical reading and limitations

Small citrulline-malate trials found conflicting performance results: one in 41 men was favorable and another protocol showed no benefit. They are not evidence for injectable free citrulline or a multinutrient blend.

Small citrulline-malate trials found conflicting performance results: one in 41 men was favorable and another protocol showed no benefit. They are not evidence for injectable free citrulline or a multinutrient blend.

Source-specific regimens

Descriptive source observations, not individual recommendations.

Regulatory product labeling

Listed regimens preserve source/context. An empty layer means no regimen attributable to this identity was verified in this review; it does not prove universal absence of data.

Human-study exposure

NOT A RECOMMENDATION.Each amount is attributed to the source identified for that entry: regulatory product labeling, human research, or community and practice sources. These source categories have different evidentiary roles. They are not medical advice, not a protocol, not a recommended or safe dose, and not evidence that it works. Do not use them to start, change or stop any treatment. Talk to a qualified healthcare professional.

Reported by Citrulline malate enhances athletic anaerobic performance and relieves muscle soreness

8 g of citrulline malate · Distinct formulation: citrulline malate; not free citrulline

Frequency
One exposure per condition
Duration
Acute, crossover trial
Route
Oral
Context
Citrulline malate, not 8 g of free citrulline or an injectable-blend regimen.
Presentation
A dosage-form presentation is not specified in the reviewed record.
Interpretation
Research exposure: not a prescription or starting regimen. It does not reconstruct protocol titration, exclusions or monitoring.

PMID20386132 · October 16, 2026

NOT A RECOMMENDATION.Each amount is attributed to the source identified for that entry: regulatory product labeling, human research, or community and practice sources. These source categories have different evidentiary roles. They are not medical advice, not a protocol, not a recommended or safe dose, and not evidence that it works. Do not use them to start, change or stop any treatment. Talk to a qualified healthcare professional.

Empirical handbook

Listed regimens preserve source/context. An empty layer means no regimen attributable to this identity was verified in this review; it does not prove universal absence of data.

Regulation and safety

Jurisdiction-specific regulatory context

This record does not verify FDA/EMA authorization of the commercial identity. Where a specific medicine/product exists, jurisdiction/indication are detailed in cited sources; they do not transfer to supplier material.

Adverse effects and unknowns

Distinguish pharmacologic vasodilation plausibility from a demonstrated clinical interaction. Supplier combinations are not validated.

Contraindications

A complete list must match the exact authorized product. For experimental materials without verified human labeling, a complete contraindication set is not established here. No list does not mean safety.

Interactions

Separate documented interaction, pharmacologic plausibility and unknown interaction. Absence of a blend trial does not establish compatibility.

Studies and trials

Selected studies

PMID20386132 · Randomized controlled trial

Men in an exercise protocol.

Oral citrulline malate, acute exposure.

Favorable repetition/muscle-soreness signal.

Another trial (PMID30097067) was negative; malate is not free citrulline or injection.

n = 41

Trials attributed in the package

No trials are attributed in this record.

Trial registration does not establish efficacy or validate commercial material.

Query candidates; attribution pending

Citrulline · 162 unfiltered query results, not authenticated trials

Query verification: October 16, 2026

Exact phrase intervention query; first three most recently updated records, not exhaustive. Aliases may be missed and heterogeneous products may appear. The total is the unfiltered registry query count, not authenticated trials. Source-integrity holds are excluded from ordinary listings.

View trial registry query

NCT07854223 · Effects of Pre-Run Nutritional Supplements During a Fixed-Pace 5 km Treadmill RunRegistry status: RecruitingLast update posted: October 2, 2026Query verification: October 16, 2026

NCT04979793 · Role of L-citrulline in Prevention of Pregnancy Associated HypertensionRegistry status: TerminatedLast update posted: September 30, 2026Query verification: October 16, 2026

NCT07825753 · Protein-Matched ADC or PDC Umbrella Trial in Advanced Pancreatic and Breast CancerRegistry status: Not yet recruitingLast update posted: September 17, 2026Query verification: October 16, 2026

Source issues and references

References include queries and bibliographic handbook attributions; not all are clinical studies. Human review remains pending.

  1. ODS-EXERCISE

    NIH ODS: Exercise and athletic performance

    October 16, 2026

  2. PC-CITRULLINE

    PubChem L-citrulline (CID 9750)

    October 16, 2026

  3. PMID20386132

    Citrulline malate enhances athletic anaerobic performance and relieves muscle soreness

    October 16, 2026

  4. PMID30097067

    Citrulline malate supplementation does not improve German Volume Training performance or reduce muscle soreness in moderately trained males and females

    October 16, 2026

  5. SEARCH-PUBMED-citrulline

    PubMed/MED targeted search: TITLE_ABS:citrulline AND TITLE_ABS:exercise AND TITLE_ABS:randomized

    October 16, 2026

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