Identity and synonyms
Identity follows the supplied name and synonyms; no additional identity description is supplied.
Synonyms: SS-31 · MTP-131 · Forzinity
Peptide or peptide-related · Peptide or peptide derivative
Detailed molecular class: Mitochondrial-targeted peptide
Supplied sequence or chemical reference
See identity note; no supplier sequence accepted as verification.
Mechanism
Binds cardiolipin in mitochondrial membranes.
Evidence and critical reading
Reported scientific and empirical uses
Mitochondrial research
SS-31 appears in energy/longevity practices, whereas Forzinity has a rare-disease regulatory context.
Human evidence
Narrow Barth-syndrome evidence underlies US accelerated approval; initial randomized phase and later open-label findings must remain distinct.
Preclinical evidence
Mitochondrial effects do not establish anti-aging efficacy.
Critical reading and limitations
US Forzinity approval does not support general anti-aging use or MOTS-c combinations.
Evidence applies to the exact molecule, formulation, route, population and endpoint studied. Supplier identity, purity and clinical equivalence are unverified.
Source-specific regimens
Descriptive source observations, not individual recommendations.
Regulatory product labeling
No numerical human dose is assigned: reviewed sources did not verify a regimen attributable to this material, route and indication. Other molecules’ doses, animal exposures, vial amounts and dietary requirements are not substituted.
Human-study exposure
No numerical human dose is assigned: reviewed sources did not verify a regimen attributable to this material, route and indication. Other molecules’ doses, animal exposures, vial amounts and dietary requirements are not substituted.
Empirical handbook
No numerical human dose is assigned: reviewed sources did not verify a regimen attributable to this material, route and indication. Other molecules’ doses, animal exposures, vial amounts and dietary requirements are not substituted.
Regulation and safety
Jurisdiction-specific regulatory context
US: Forzinity approved September 19, 2025 for muscle strength in Barth syndrome at ≥30 kg; not a longevity approval. EU status unverified.
Adverse effects and unknowns
Injection-site reactions and serious hypersensitivity; serious allergy to drug/excipients is contraindicated. Product contains benzyl alcohol with neonatal toxicity concerns.
Hypersensitivity and product excipients require exact labeling; local reactions do not summarize all safety.
Contraindications
See supported safety statements and exact product label; a complete contraindication set has not been established for this catalog material.
A complete list must match the exact authorized product. For experimental materials without verified human labeling, a complete contraindication set is not established here. No list does not mean safety.
Interactions
Only explicitly cited interactions may be asserted; unstudied combinations remain unknown, not interaction-free.
Separate documented interaction, pharmacologic plausibility and unknown interaction. Absence of a blend trial does not establish compatibility.
Studies and trials
Selected studies
No selected studies are attributed in this record.
Trials attributed in the package
NCT03098797 · A Trial to Evaluate Safety, Tolerability and Efficacy of Elamipretide in Subjects With Barth SyndromeRegistry status: CompletedLast update posted: April 16, 2024Query verification: October 16, 2026
Trial registration does not establish efficacy or validate commercial material.
Query candidates; attribution pending
Elamipretide · 21 unfiltered query results, not authenticated trials
Query verification: October 16, 2026
Exact phrase intervention query; first three most recently updated records, not exhaustive. Aliases may be missed and heterogeneous products may appear. The total is the unfiltered registry query count, not authenticated trials. Source-integrity holds are excluded from ordinary listings.
View trial registry queryNCT04689360 · An Intermediate Size Expanded Access Protocol of ElamipretideRegistry status: AvailableLast update posted: October 16, 2026Query verification: October 16, 2026
NCT06373731 · ReNEW:Phase 3 Study of Efficacy, Safety & Pharmacokinetics of Subcutaneous Injections of Elamipretide in Subjects With Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration (Dry AMD)Registry status: Active, not recruitingLast update posted: September 17, 2026Query verification: October 16, 2026
NCT07531251 · Clinical Trial in Patients With Barth Syndrome- 4TAZPowerRegistry status: RecruitingLast update posted: September 17, 2026Query verification: October 16, 2026
Source issues and references
References include queries and bibliographic handbook attributions; not all are clinical studies. Human review remains pending.
- R22
- REG-FOR
October 16, 2026
- pdf01
PEPNEXA 2.pdf
October 16, 2026
- pdf02
ELLA PEPTIDES.pdf
October 16, 2026
- pdf03
zlz list 26.8.5.pdf
October 16, 2026
- pdf05
PEPNEXA.pdf
October 16, 2026
- pdf07
US Peptide MangerCorp(1).pdf
October 16, 2026
- pdf09
PeptideFactory.pdf
October 16, 2026