Identity and synonyms
Identity follows the supplied name and synonyms; no additional identity description is supplied.
Synonyms: Cathelicidin LL-37 · CAP-18 fragment
Peptide or peptide-related · Peptide or peptide derivative
Detailed molecular class: Antimicrobial peptide
Supplied sequence or chemical reference
See identity note; no supplier sequence accepted as verification.
Mechanism
Membrane and host-defense effects depend on concentration and tissue.
Evidence and critical reading
Reported scientific and empirical uses
Immune modulation and inflammation · Skin, hair and cosmetics
Topical ulcer research and systemic handbook uses exist. Each claim needs its diagnosis, route, concomitant treatment and evidence.
Human evidence
HEAL phase IIb, 148 patients: no significant overall venous-ulcer healing benefit; a large-wound subgroup was post hoc.
Preclinical evidence
Antimicrobial activity does not establish systemic anti-biofilm treatment; context-dependent harmful effects exist.
Critical reading and limitations
HEAL LL-37 included 148 patients and did not demonstrate better overall healing than placebo. The post hoc large-ulcer subgroup generates a hypothesis rather than making the overall trial positive. The handbook subcutaneous regimen is not the tested topical intervention.
Evidence applies to the exact molecule, formulation, route, population and endpoint studied. Supplier identity, purity and clinical equivalence are unverified.
Source-specific regimens
Descriptive source observations, not individual recommendations.
Regulatory product labeling
Listed regimens preserve source/context. An empty layer means no regimen attributable to this identity was verified in this review; it does not prove universal absence of data.
Human-study exposure
Listed regimens preserve source/context. An empty layer means no regimen attributable to this identity was verified in this review; it does not prove universal absence of data.
Empirical handbook
NOT A RECOMMENDATION.Each amount is attributed to the source identified for that entry: regulatory product labeling, human research, or community and practice sources. These source categories have different evidentiary roles. They are not medical advice, not a protocol, not a recommended or safe dose, and not evidence that it works. Do not use them to start, change or stop any treatment. Talk to a qualified healthcare professional.
Reported by Peptide Handbook — James B. LaValle, Gordon Crozier, Joseph P. Cleaver and Andrew Heyman
200 mcg · Total daily amount
- Frequency
- Daily
- Duration
- 6–8 weeks, per source
- Route
- Subcutaneous
- Context
- Systemic handbook use; not equivalent to the topical ulcer trial.
- Presentation
- 2,000 mcg/mL; 5-mL vial, per source.
- Interpretation
- Does not validate efficacy or safety of this regimen; attributed to the handbook.
manual01 · Page 74 · October 16, 2026
NOT A RECOMMENDATION.Each amount is attributed to the source identified for that entry: regulatory product labeling, human research, or community and practice sources. These source categories have different evidentiary roles. They are not medical advice, not a protocol, not a recommended or safe dose, and not evidence that it works. Do not use them to start, change or stop any treatment. Talk to a qualified healthcare professional.
Regulation and safety
Jurisdiction-specific regulatory context
Jurisdiction-specific approval not verified in this card; do not infer global nonapproval.
Adverse effects and unknowns
Topical tolerability cannot establish systemic safety. FDA notes insufficient safety information and nonclinical reproductive/protumor concerns.
Contraindications
See supported safety statements and exact product label; a complete contraindication set has not been established for this catalog material.
A complete list must match the exact authorized product. For experimental materials without verified human labeling, a complete contraindication set is not established here. No list does not mean safety.
Interactions
Only explicitly cited interactions may be asserted; unstudied combinations remain unknown, not interaction-free.
Separate documented interaction, pharmacologic plausibility and unknown interaction. Absence of a blend trial does not establish compatibility.
Studies and trials
Selected studies
PMID34687253 · Randomized placebo-controlled phase IIb
Hard-to-heal venous ulcers.
Topical, alongside compression.
No significant overall healing benefit; post hoc signal in larger wounds.
Exploratory subgroup; does not validate systemic infection use.
n = 148
Trials attributed in the package
No trials are attributed in this record.
Trial registration does not establish efficacy or validate commercial material.
Query candidates; attribution pending
LL-37 · 20 unfiltered query results, not authenticated trials
Query verification: October 16, 2026
Exact phrase intervention query; first three most recently updated records, not exhaustive. Aliases may be missed and heterogeneous products may appear. The total is the unfiltered registry query count, not authenticated trials. Source-integrity holds are excluded from ordinary listings.
View trial registry queryNCT05054361 · Crosstalk Between Mucosal-Associated Invariant T (MAIT) Cells and the Gut Microbiota and Mucosa in the Development of Type 1 Diabetes in ChildrenRegistry status: RecruitingLast update posted: April 13, 2026Query verification: October 16, 2026
NCT07280754 · Evaluation of 25(OH)D3 and LL-37 Levels in Periimplant Sulcus FluidRegistry status: Not yet recruitingLast update posted: December 19, 2025Query verification: October 16, 2026
NCT06867250 · Peri-implant Vitamin D and Cathelicidin (LL-37) LevelsRegistry status: CompletedLast update posted: March 10, 2025Query verification: October 16, 2026
Source issues and references
References include queries and bibliographic handbook attributions; not all are clinical studies. Human review remains pending.
- PMID34687253
Mahlapuu M, Sidorowicz A, Mikosinski J, Krzyżanowski M, Orleanski J, Twardowska-Saucha K, Nykaza A, Dyaczynski M, Belz-Lagoda B, Dziwiszek G, Kujawiak M, Karczewski M, Sjöberg F, Grzela T, Wegrzynowski A, Thunarf F, Björk J, Ekblom J, Jawien A, Apelqvist J.
October 16, 2026
- R06
- R15
- manual01
Peptide Handbook — James B. LaValle, Gordon Crozier, Joseph P. Cleaver and Andrew Heyman
James B. LaValle; Gordon Crozier; Joseph P. Cleaver; Andrew Heyman
October 16, 2026
Bibliographic attribution only. The supplied handbook is a secondary empirical practice source, not clinical verification. Private source files and supplier/download destinations are not provided here.