Identity and synonyms
Do not merge with CB4211, an analogue, or biomarker-only studies.
Synonyms: Mitochondrial open reading frame of 12S rRNA-c
Peptide or peptide-related · Peptide or peptide derivative
Detailed molecular class: Mitochondrial-derived peptide
Supplied sequence or chemical reference
See identity note; no supplier sequence accepted as verification.
Mechanism
Experimental metabolic stress/AMPK-related signaling.
Evidence and critical reading
Reported scientific and empirical uses
Mitochondrial research
Handbooks describe injection for metabolism, performance and anti-aging. The guide separates those uses from human exercise findings and experimental administration in animals.
Human evidence
Human exercise observations measured endogenous peptide. The separately located intervention registry entry is held pending source authentication and provides no verified clinical efficacy result.
Preclinical evidence
Injected-peptide exercise performance findings were in mice.
Critical reading and limitations
The Reynolds study measured exercise responses in ten young men and included preclinical experiments. These were not ten patients treated with MOTS-c. Sharing a proposed mechanism with exercise does not validate empirical regimens.
Evidence applies to the exact molecule, formulation, route, population and endpoint studied. Supplier identity, purity and clinical equivalence are unverified.
Source-specific regimens
Descriptive source observations, not individual recommendations.
Regulatory product labeling
Listed regimens preserve source/context. An empty layer means no regimen attributable to this identity was verified in this review; it does not prove universal absence of data.
Human-study exposure
Listed regimens preserve source/context. An empty layer means no regimen attributable to this identity was verified in this review; it does not prove universal absence of data.
Empirical handbook
NOT A RECOMMENDATION.Each amount is attributed to the source identified for that entry: regulatory product labeling, human research, or community and practice sources. These source categories have different evidentiary roles. They are not medical advice, not a protocol, not a recommended or safe dose, and not evidence that it works. Do not use them to start, change or stop any treatment. Talk to a qualified healthcare professional.
Reported by Peptide Handbook — James B. LaValle, Gordon Crozier, Joseph P. Cleaver and Andrew Heyman
5 mg · Amount per administration
- Frequency
- Twice weekly
- Duration
- Not stated on selected page.
- Route
- Subcutaneous
- Context
- Metabolism/performance/anti-aging per source.
- Presentation
- Not stated on selected page.
- Interpretation
- Does not validate efficacy or safety of this regimen; attributed to the handbook.
manual01 · Page 102 · October 16, 2026
NOT A RECOMMENDATION.Each amount is attributed to the source identified for that entry: regulatory product labeling, human research, or community and practice sources. These source categories have different evidentiary roles. They are not medical advice, not a protocol, not a recommended or safe dose, and not evidence that it works. Do not use them to start, change or stop any treatment. Talk to a qualified healthcare professional.
Regulation and safety
Jurisdiction-specific regulatory context
Jurisdiction-specific approval not verified in this card; do not infer global nonapproval.
Adverse effects and unknowns
Adequate human chronic safety and interaction data are lacking in the reviewed sources.
Contraindications
See supported safety statements and exact product label; a complete contraindication set has not been established for this catalog material.
A complete list must match the exact authorized product. For experimental materials without verified human labeling, a complete contraindication set is not established here. No list does not mean safety.
Interactions
Only explicitly cited interactions may be asserted; unstudied combinations remain unknown, not interaction-free.
Separate documented interaction, pharmacologic plausibility and unknown interaction. Absence of a blend trial does not establish compatibility.
Studies and trials
Selected studies
PMID33473109 · Human exercise observation and preclinical work
Young men in the human component.
Human exercise; administration in preclinical models.
MOTS-c exercise response and experimental findings.
Human participants did not receive the peptide as treatment in that component.
n = 10
Trials attributed in the package
No trials are attributed in this record.
Trial registration does not establish efficacy or validate commercial material.
Query candidates; attribution pending
MOTS-c · 5 unfiltered query results, not authenticated trials
Query verification: October 16, 2026
Exact phrase intervention query; first three most recently updated records, not exhaustive. Aliases may be missed and heterogeneous products may appear. The total is the unfiltered registry query count, not authenticated trials. Source-integrity holds are excluded from ordinary listings.
View trial registry queryNCT07678073 · Comparison of the Effects of General Anesthesia and Combined Spinal-Epidural Anesthesia on Ferroptosis, Humanin and MOTS-c Levels in Renal TransplantationRegistry status: RecruitingLast update posted: July 8, 2026Query verification: October 16, 2026
NCT03878706 · The Cardiovascular Effect of GLP-1 Agonist, SGLT2 Inhibitor and Their CombinationRegistry status: RecruitingLast update posted: March 13, 2026Query verification: October 16, 2026
Source issues and references
Registry record NCT07505745 is held for independent source-integrity verification because it shares a sponsor with records that explicitly describe mock, fictional or example studies. This association does not prove this record false; it is not accepted as authenticated clinical evidence here. · NCT07505745
References include queries and bibliographic handbook attributions; not all are clinical studies. Human review remains pending.
- PMID33473109
October 16, 2026
- R06
- R21
- manual01
Peptide Handbook — James B. LaValle, Gordon Crozier, Joseph P. Cleaver and Andrew Heyman
James B. LaValle; Gordon Crozier; Joseph P. Cleaver; Andrew Heyman
October 16, 2026
Bibliographic attribution only. The supplied handbook is a secondary empirical practice source, not clinical verification. Private source files and supplier/download destinations are not provided here.
- pdf01
PEPNEXA 2.pdf
October 16, 2026
- pdf02
ELLA PEPTIDES.pdf
October 16, 2026
- pdf03
zlz list 26.8.5.pdf
October 16, 2026
- pdf05
PEPNEXA.pdf
October 16, 2026
- pdf07
US Peptide MangerCorp(1).pdf
October 16, 2026
- pdf09
PeptideFactory.pdf
October 16, 2026
- NCT07505745
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT07505745 — source-integrity review hold
October 18, 2026